Comparative study of topical vs. intravenous tranexamic acid regarding blood loss in total knee arthroplasty / Estudo comparativo com uso do ácido tranexâmico tópico e intravenoso em relação à perda sanguínea na artroplastia total do joelho

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare topical vs. intravenous tranexamic acid (TA) in total knee arthroplasty regarding blood loss and transfusion., Methods: Ninety patients were randomized to receive TA intravenously (20 mg/kg in 100 mL of saline; group IV), topically (1.5 g in 50 mL of saline, sprayed over the operated site, before release of the tourniquet; topical group), or intravenous saline (100 mL with anesthesia; control group). The volume of drained blood in 48, h, the amount of transfused blood, and the serum levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit before and after surgery were evaluated., Results: The groups were similar for gender, age, weight, laterality, and preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels (p> 0.2). The hemoglobin level dropped in all groups when comparing the preoperative and the 48-h evaluations: the control group decreased 3.8 mg/dL on average, while the IV, group had a decrease of 3.0, and the topical group, of 3.2 (p= 0.019). The difference between the control and IV, groups was confirmed by Bonferroni test (p= 0.020). The difference between the control group and the topical group was not significant (p= 0.130), although there was less reduction in hemoglobin in the topical group; the comparison between the IV, group and the topical group was also not significant (p= 1.000). Conclusion: Using topic and IV, tranexamic acid decreased blood loss and the need for transfusion in total knee arthroplasty. Topical application showed results similar to IV use regarding the need for blood transfusion, but without the possible side effects of IV, administration.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar o uso de ácido tranexâmico (AT) tópico e intravenoso na artroplastia total de joelho com relação à perda de sangue e necessidade de transfusão. Métodos: Foram randomizados 90 pacientes para receber AT por via intravenosa (20 mg/kg em 100 mL de solução salina; grupo IV, ), tópico (1,5 g em 50 mL de solução salina, antes de soltar o torniquete; grupo tópico) ou solução salina intravenosa (100 mL com anestesia; grupo controle). O volume de sangue drenado em 48 horas, a quantidade de sangue transfundido e as concentrações sérias de hemoglobina e hematócrito foram avaliados antes e depois da cirurgia. Resultados: Os grupos eram semelhantes quanto a sexo, idade, lateralidade e concentrações pré-operatórias de hemoglobina e hematócrito (p > 0,2). A concentração de hemoglobina diminuiu em todos os grupos quando as avaliações pré-operatória e em 48 horas foram comparadas: o grupo controle teve redução média de 3,8 mg/dL, enquanto o grupo IV, teve diminuição de 3,0 e o grupo tópico, de 3,2 (p = 0,019). A diferença entre os grupos controle e IV, foi confirmada pelo teste de Bonferroni (p = 0,020). A diferença entre os grupos controle e tópico não foi significativa (p = 0,130), apesar de haver uma menor diminuição da hemoglobina no grupo tópico; a comparação entre os grupos IV, e tópico também não foi significativa (p = 1,000). Conclusão: O uso de AT tópico e IV, reduziu as perdas sanguíneas e a necessidade de transfusão na artroplastia total do joelho. O uso tópico mostrou resultado semelhante ao uso IV, em relação à necessidade de transfusão sanguínea, porém sem os possíveis efeitos colaterais da administração IV.

Aplicabilidad clínica de la determinación de dímero-D en pacientes con cánce / Clinical use of D-dimer in patients with cancer

Existe una estrecha asociación entre cáncer y sistema hemostático. El dímero-D (DD) es un marcador de generación y posterior degradación de fibrina, cuya principal aplicación en la práctica clínica habitual se enmarca dentro de los algoritmos diagnósticos de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETV) y en los criterios diagnósticos para establecer una coagulación intravascular diseminada. La utilidad del DD en el diagnóstico de la ETV en pacientes con cáncer parece ser inferior debido a la menor especificidad en este tipo de pacientes. Sin embargo, existe una creciente evidencia sobre el papel del DD en los pacientes con cáncer como indicador del riesgo de sufrir un episodio de ETV, marcador de la posible existencia de una neoplasia oculta en pacientes con ETV idiopática o incluso como factor pronóstico independiente de respuesta al tratamiento quimioterápico y de supervivencia. En esta revisión se analiza la evidencia que avala la utilización del DD en el contexto clínico del cáncer (AU)

There is a well-known close relationship between cancer and the haemostatic system. Plasma D-dimer (DD) is a marker of fibrin generation and lysis. In the clinical practice, its main use is in the diagnostic algorithms of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and it is one of the diagnostic criteria of disseminated intravacular coagulation. In patients with cancer, the specificity of DD is lower than in the general population, reducing its usefulness. However, there is a growing evidence that points out a possible application of DD in the clinical management of cancer patients as a predictor of VTE, marker of hidden cancer in patients with idiopathic VTE, or even as an independent prognostic factor of response to chemotherapy and survival. In this review, the current evidence supporting the use of DD in cancer patients is critically exposed and discussed (AU)

Purification and characterization of a novel anticoagulant and fibrinolytic enzyme produced by endophytic bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa EJS-3.

INTRODUCTION: Endophytes may become a new source of thrombolytic agents for thrombosis treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Paenibacillus polymyxa EJS-3 (PPFE-I) was purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic chromatography, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The characterization of the enzyme was investigated by means of fibrinolysis plate, hydrolysis of fibrinogen and anticoagulant effect in vitro. RESULTS: The fibrinolytic enzyme is purified to homogeneity with a purification of 14.5 fold and a recovery of 3.3%. The enzyme was shown to have a molecular mass of 63.3kDa by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The optimum temperature and pH value were 37°C and 7.5, respectively. Results from the fibrinolysis pattern showed that the enzyme rapidly hydrolyzed the Aα-chain of fibrinogen, followed by the Bß-chains. It also hydrolyzed the γ-chains, but more slowly. It was activated by metal ions such as Zn(2+), Mg(2+), and Fe(2+), but inhibited by Ca(2+) and Cu(2+). Furthermore, PPFE-I activity was inhibited strongly by PMSF, and it was found to exhibit a higher specificity for the synthetic substrate N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA for chymotrypsin, indicating that the enzyme is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease. Additionly, PPFE-I showed a significant anticoagulant effect in vitro. CONCLUSION: The fibrinolytic enzyme PPFE-I from endophytic bacterium Paenibacillu polymyxa EJS-3 exhibits a profound fibrinolytic activity.

Hemorragia cerebral por déficit de factor XIII: a propósito de un caso / Cerebral hemorrhage factor XIII deficiency: a purpose of a case

La estabilidad del coágulo de fibrina es importante desde el punto de vista hemostático. La deficiencia del factor XIII (estabilizador de la fibrina) es un transtorno autosómico recesivo raro con una prevalencia calculada de uno en cinco millones. Se presenta caso de paciente masculino de 26 años de edad quien es portador de este transtorno, quien consulta por cefalea de fuerte intensidad en región hemicraneal derecha acompañado de episodios eméticos, sensación de vértigo sin rigidez de nuca. Es ingresado y realizan estudios imagenológicos RNM (Resonancia Magnética Cerebral con Fase de Angioresonancia) donde se visualiza foco hemorrágico intraparéquimatoso de gran tamaño a nivel de territorio de la cerebral media y otro de menor tamaño a nivel occipital derecha sin la evidencia de malformaciones arteriovenosas. El paciente no tiene buena evolución apareciendo nuevos focos hemorrágicos, el cual fué manejado por equipo multidisciplinario sin requerir acto quirúrgico.

Fibrinolyse Precoce Avec Elevation Des Produits De Degradation Du Fibrinogene Dans L/'hematome Intra Cerebral Spontane

Description. L'hematome intracerebral est essentiellement considere comme une maladie vasculaire; liee a la structure des vaisseaux. Un traitement recent; le facteur VII; a montre indirectement l'importance de l'hemostase dans cette affection.Objectif. Explorer certains aspects de l'hemostase dans une serie d'hematomes intra-cerebraux spontanes. Methode : Des tests d'hemostase ont ete realises chez des patients porteurs d'un hematome intra-cerebral spontane. Les taux de fibrinogene et des produits de degradation de fibrinogene (PDF) ont ete doses a l'entree; tandis que la numeration des thrombocytes; l'International Normalized Ratio (INR); le temps de cephaline activee (TCA) ont ete par ailleurs determines.Resultats.Treize patients successifs ont ete etudies. Chez 3 patients; une elevation des facteurs de degradation du fibrinogene a ete observee (3/13 soit 23). Un cas de thrombopenie associee a l'augmentation des PDF a ete note.Conclusion. Dans un sous-groupe non negligeable d'hematomes; il existe une fibrinolyse concomitante dans les 24 premieres heures. Ce phenomene est soit primitif; soit secondaire a la rupture vasculaire